Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal

Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Streptococcus spp. from a Cat Suspected of Respiratory Tract Disease at Nong Lam University, Vietnam

Elfahra Casanza Amalda — 2024-09-27

The nasal sample of a suspected respiratory tract disease cat, which is characterized by having a yellowish-colored nasal discharge, was obtained from a clinic in Ho Chi Minh City to be brought to the laboratory using the Stuart Amies transport medium. Samples were isolated on blood agar plate (BAP) media anaerobically. Gram staining and catalase tests were performed to identify the bacterial species. Furthermore, we conducted antibiotic sensitivity tests using Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) media, which included Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Marbofloxacin, and Amoxicilin-Clavulanate antibiotic disks. In order to prescribe an antibiotic, a clinical vet must go through a series of decision-making processes that involve both the drug and the host. In this case study, we were performing the diagnostic process before a medication could be prescribed to a patient with suspected respiratory tract disease.

Effects of Acetone Extract of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) on Diameter, Viability, and Germinal Vesicle Breakdown Rate of Zebrafish Oocytes (Danio rerio) Exposed to Heat Stress as an Animal Model

Habib Syaiful Arif Tuska — 2024-10-02

Global warming is characterized by increasing temperatures of the earth's atmosphere, ocean and land, resulting in extreme climate change. The effects of climate change will affect animal health through increased ambient temperature (heat stress). This study using Zebrafish as animal model like our previuous study because Zebrafish, have 70% identical genetic similarity to humans. In addition, Zebrafish have specific approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for new drug discovery research. Heat stress negatively affects animal health through an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially in the reproductive system because it causes a decrease in reproductive efficiency, such as follicular development, oocyte quality, and oocyte maturation. Antioxidant supplementation, namely green tea extract, is needed to reduce the negative effects of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference of 4 µl dose of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) on the diameter, viability, and Germinal Vesicle Breakdown (GVBD) rate of Zebrafish oocytes at normal temperature (28℃) and with exposure to heat stress (32℃; 34℃). Zebrafish oocytes were collected and grouped into 2 (two) treatment groups including, non-heat stress group (28℃) and heat stress group (32℃; 34℃) with 6 repetitions. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS software with Two Way ANOVA analysis. The results of Two Way ANOVA showed that green tea extract supplementation had a positive effect on the diameter, viability, and GVBD of Zebrafish oocytes. This is indicated by the significance of the percentage of diameter (P=0.002), viability (P=0.003), and GVBD rate (P=0.000).

Sedative Effect of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) Aromatherapy through Inhalation Route on Mice (Mus musculus) Behavior

Hilmy Luqman Surachmat — 2024-12-31

Aromatherapy is an alternative practice in natural medicine that uses essential oil derived from various plants. Essential oil is found in over 17,000 plant species, including lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus). Lemongrass essential oil contains several active components with potential sedative effects, such as linalool. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential sedative effect of lemongrass essential oil aromatherapy through inhalation route as an alternative preparation. Mice (Mus musculus) were divided into 5 groups, namely negative and positive control (Diazepam 0.012 mg/kg), as well as treatment 1 (P1, 30-minute exposure), 2 (P2, 60-minute exposure), and 3 (P3, 90-minute exposure). Essential oil of lemongrass was extracted using the distillation method, followed by phytochemical testing. Behavioral observations were carried out using Chimney test method. The results of Chimney test showed that lemongrass aromatherapy had no sedative effect. This result was evident by the insignificant differences (P > 0.05) between negative control groups and both P1 and P3, as well as P1 and P3. Furthermore, P2 showed a potential stimulant effect based on Chimney test results.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Pasteurella multocida in Cattle in Malang, Indonesia

Dodik Prasetyo — 2024-12-31

This study was conducted in Malang, Indonesia, to assess the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida in cattle exhibiting clinical signs of respiratory disease. Nasal and tracheal swabs were collected from 50 cattle across multiple farms and tested for P. multocida. The isolates were identified through colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests, with 4 out of 50 samples (8%) testing positive for P. multocida. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method, involving seven antibiotics commonly used in veterinary practice. Results showed that 75% of the isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, while amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was effective in 50% of cases. However, all isolates demonstrated resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline. These findings emphasize the importance of susceptibility testing to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy and prevent the development of resistance. Further research is necessary to monitor resistance patterns and improve treatment strategies for pasteurellosis in cattle.

The Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Flour Substitution in Rations on Total Erythrocyte Count, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Level in Boer Crossbreed Goat

Fahmi Fadhillah Alfaruq — 2024-12-31

This study aimed to assess the impact of substituting Moringa oleifera leaf flour in the ration on the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit levels of Boer crossbred goats aged 4-12 months. The research was conducted from December 4, 2023, to January 17, 2024, at PERKASA Farms, Simpang Agung Village, Lampung Province. Laboratory analysis of total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit levels was performed at the Laboratory of Pathology, Lampung Veterinary Disease Center. A Randomized Block Design was employed in this study, with three treatments and five groups, involving a total of 15 Boer crossbred goats, categorized based on body weight from smallest to largest. The treatments were as follows: P0=100% basal ration (60% cassava leaf and stem silage+40% concentrate); P1=95% basal ration+5% Moringa leaf meal; and P2=90% basal ration+10% Moringa leaf meal. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results of the study indicate that the mean values for total erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit levels did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. The conclusion of this study was substituting Moringa oleifera leaf flour in the ration did not affect the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in Boer crossbred goats, indicating that Moringa leaf flour could be included in the ration up to 10%.